Preheat the oven: Begin by preheating your oven to 450ºF. Place a large baking sheet into the center rack of the oven while it preheats, which helps the cauliflower to roast evenly.
Toss the cauliflower: In a large mixing bowl, combine the cauliflower florets with 3 Tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil, 1 1/2 tsp. paprika, 3/4 tsp. kosher salt, and 1/2 tsp. cracked black pepper. Toss everything together until the florets are evenly coated with the mixture.
Roast the cauliflower: Carefully spread the coated cauliflower in a single layer on the preheated baking sheet. Roast the cauliflower for 20-25 minutes, tossing once halfway through, until they become lightly charred and tender. You’ll know they’re ready when they can be pierced easily with a fork and have softened.
Add garlic and Parmesan: Remove the baking sheet from the oven and sprinkle 3 minced garlic cloves and 2 to 3 Tbsp. grated Parmesan cheese over the roasted cauliflower. Return the baking sheet to the oven and roast for an additional 5 minutes. This allows the garlic to infuse its flavor into the cauliflower and the cheese to melt and brown slightly.
Add finishing touches: Once roasted, take the baking sheet out of the oven and spritz the cauliflower with the juice of 1/2 lemon. Sprinkle 2 Tbsp. finely chopped fresh parsley over the top. Toss gently to combine and serve hot.